Same & Different

Description

This task measures set shifting. Children are shown two pictures that are similar along one dimension (e.g., content, color, or size) and are verbally told the dimension of similarity. Next, children see the same two pictures plus a new third picture. The third picture is similar to one of the first two pictures along a dimension that is different from that of the first two pictures (e.g., if the first two pictures were similar along the dimension of shape, the third picture would be similar to one of the first two pictures along the dimension of color or size). Children are asked to choose which of the two original pictures is the same as the new third picture.

Demo

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Try Same & Different in English

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Try Same & Different in German

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Try Same & Different in Spanish

Example trial from the Same & Different game.

Notes

Short, adaptable, and easily accessible
Widely implemented
Reliable, valid, and relatively language independent
Jacques & Zelazo, 2001; Willoughby et al., 2011

Task Modifiers / Parameters

Audio Feedback	Determines whether audio cues are provided during the task to indicate correct or incorrect responses.
Language	Specifies the language used for instructions and stimuli in the task.
Skip Instructions	Whether the participant can skip instructions or needs to wait for the audio to finish.
Sequential Practice	Determines if practice trials are presented in a fixed order rather than randomized.
Sequential Stimulus	Specifies whether the main task stimuli are presented in a sequential order or randomized.
Corpus	Refers to the set of stimuli or word list used in the task. (Currently not allowing outside corpuses)
Button Layout	Defines the arrangement of response buttons on the screen. Options include default (4 x 1), grid (2 x 2), column (1 x 4), and diamond ◇. Default is default.
Number of Trials	Specifies the total number of trials in the main task.
Number of Practice Trials	Indicates the number of practice trials before the main task begins.
Max Incorrect	Sets the maximum number of incorrect responses allowed before the task terminates.
Key Helpers	Determines whether visual cues for keyboard shortcuts are displayed near response options.
Age	Represents the age of the participant, which may affect task difficulty or stimulus selection. (Currently not in use)
Max Time	Specifies the maximum duration of the task. If the participant does not finish within this time frame, the task is terminated. Default is 100, in minutes.